阿里山五味子
Schisandra arisanensis Hayata

別名:北五味子、大紅骨蛇、台灣五味子、阿里山北五味子

形態:

攀緣藤本,莖褐色,光滑無毛,散佈橢圓形皮孔。單葉互生,葉柄圓柱形,葉橢圓形或卵狀披針形,膜質,長 5-9 cm,寬 3-5 cm,先端漸尖,基部楔形,葉緣疏細鋸齒。花側生或腋生,單花,單性花,雌雄異株,花苞近圓形,徑 8-10 mm,花梗綠色,光滑,花闊鐘形,花被片倒卵形,略厚質,橘紅色,有大小 2 輪,大者居於外側,小者環繞於內側;雄花之雄蕊多數聚集成圓頭狀,橘紅色,約 23-30 枚,花絲極短至無,花藥成倒三角形,2 室,側邊開裂;雌花,子房上位,雌蕊離生心皮,約 54 枚,淺綠色,排列成圓球形,先端略尖;心皮略扁長柱形,先端歪斜漸尖,柱頭長條形,白色透明,著生於心皮側面,自基部至尖端略突出。果之總梗略扁,由基部往果序端漸粗大,聚合果,分果排列成穗狀,肉質,漿果狀,卵球形,頂部單側略歪,表面光滑,柱頭宿存。

典籍記載之相關效用:

阿里山五味子的果實,味辛苦性平。果實:斂肺、滋腎、生津、收汗、澀精;治肺虛喘咳、口乾作渴、自汗、盜汗、勞傷贏瘦、夢遺滑精、久泄久痢。莖:舒筋活血。《台灣藥用植物資源名錄208》

藥理研究:

抗病毒、抗發炎作用 [1-3]:發現阿里山五味子果實的 arisanlactone B、schin dilactones E 具有體外抗單純疱疹病毒 HSV-1 活性;arisanlactone B 與 2b-Hydroxyarisanlactone 對 CFMLP/CB刺激人類嗜中性白血球的超氧陰離子生成與彈性蛋白酶釋放有抑制活性。從果實分離到的 schinarisanlactone A 具顯著抗 HIV 活性。α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用 [4]:阿里山五味子地上部分的 arisanschinin A 顯著抑制 α-葡萄糖苷酶活性。抗肝纖維化與癌細胞毒殺作用 [5]:由阿里山五味子和華中五味子的果實分離與鑑定出三個新多氧化的 C-18 dibenzocyclooctadiene 木脂素 (arisanschinins M、N 和 schisphenin) 以及八個已知相關代謝物。藥理研究表明五個化合物具顯著的抗肝纖維化的活性,同時二個化合物對 HSC-T6 癌細胞的殺傷作用。

化學成分研究:

從台灣特有植物阿里山五味子分離到 4 個新的 C19 高木脂素 schiarisanrin A-D [6]分離到具有抗B肝病毒表面抗原活性的 kadsumarin A [7]又分離到 schizanrin F-H, kadsurarin, schiarisanrin E 和具有抗B肝病毒活性的 gomisin B、G 與 (+)-gomisin K [8]研究該植物果實的成分,先後分離純化得到 (+)-gomisin K3、kadsurarin,及 arisandilactone A [9-10]從果實丙酮提取物分離到新的降三萜類內酯 arisanlactone A-D、2b-hydroxyarisanlactone C 以及已知的 schindilactones D、E、preschisanartanins A、B [11]

參考文獻:

  1. Cheng, Y. B., Liao, T. C., Lo, I. W., Chen, Y. C., Kuo, Y. C., Chen, S. Y., Chien, C. T. and Shen, Y. C. (2010) Nortriterpene lactones from the fruits of Schisandra arisanensis, J. Nat. Prod., 73 (7): 1228-33
  2. Lin, Y. C., Lo, I. W., Chen, S. Y., Lin, P. H., Chien, C. T., Chang, S. Y. and Shen, Y. C. (2011) Schinarisanlactone A, a new bisnortriterpenoid from Schisandra arisanensis, , Org. Lett., 13 (3): 446-9
  3. Lo, I. W., Lin, Y. C., Liao, T. C., Chen, S. Y., Lin, P. H., Chien, C. T., Chang, S. Y. and Shen, Y. C. (2013) Schisarisanlactones A and B: a new class of nortriterpenoids from the fruits of Schisandra arisanensis, Food Chem., 136 (2): 1095-9
  4. Liu, C. C., Abd El-Razek, M. H., Liaw, C. C., Cheng, Y. B., Chen, C. K., Chien, C. T., Kuo, Y. H., Liou, S. S. and Shen, Y. C. (2010) Arisanschinins A-E, lignans from Schisandra arisanensis hay, Planta Med., 76 (14): 1605-10
  5. Chen, Y. C., Liaw, C. C., Cheng, Y. B., Lin, Y. C., Chen, C. H., Huang, Y. T., Liou, S. S., Chen, S. Y., Chien, C. T., Lee, G. C. and Shen, Y. C. (2013) Anti-liver fibrotic lignans from the fruits of Schisandra arisanensis and Schisandra sphenanthera, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 23 (3): 880-5
  6. Kuo, Y. H., Kuo, L. M. and Chen, C. F. (1997) Four new C19 homolignans, schiarisanrins A, B, and D and cytotoxic schiarisanrin C, from Schizandra arisanensis, J. Org. Chem., 62 (10): 3242-3245
  7. Kuo, Y. H., Li, S. Y., Wu, M. D., Huang, R. L., Yang Kuo, L. M. and Chen, C. F. (1999) A new anti-HBeAg lignan, kadsumarin A, from Kadsura matsudai and Schizandra arisanensis, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 47 (7): 1047-8
  8. Wu, M. D., Huang, R. L., Kuo, L. M., Hung, C. C., Ong, C. W. and Kuo, Y. H. (2003) The anti-HBsAg (human type B hepatitis, surface antigen) and anti-HBeAg (human type B hepatitis, e antigen) C18 dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from Kadsura matsudai and Schizandra arisanensis, Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo), 51 (11): 1233-6
  9. Kuo, Y. H., Wu, M. D., Hung, C. C., Huang, R. L., Yang Kuo, L. M., Shen, Y. C. and Ong, C. W. (2005) Syntheses of C(18) dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan derivatives as anti-HBsAg and anti-HBeAg agents, Bioorg. Med. Chem., 13 (5): 1555-61
  10. Cheng, Y. B., Chang, M. T., Lo, Y. W., Ho, C. J., Kuo, Y. C., Chien, C. T., Chen, S. Y., Liou, S. S., Kuo, Y. H. and Shen, Y. C. (2009) Oxygenated lignans from the fruits of Schisandra arisanensis, J. Nat. Prod., 72 (9): 1663-8
  11. Cheng, Y. B., Liao, T. C., Lo, I. W., Chen, Y. C., Kuo, Y. C., Chen, S. Y., Chien, C. T. and Shen, Y. C. (2010) Nortriterpene lactones from the fruits of Schisandra arisanensis, J. Nat. Prod., 73 (7): 1228-33
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